ABSTRACT. Wade looks at the development of preventative civil measures with criminal sanctions and the ways in which they are influencing criminal law. Salako remarks that since its inception in the late 19th century, strict criminal liability has been used to grapple with regulatory offences. Wilson’s study concerns proposed changes to English criminal law, which will be directed at tackling the problem of fraud. Arenson holds that the law of attempt is laden with some of the most hotly debated and controversial issues in the criminal law sphere.