ABSTRACT. Ross et al. review and describe prison climate measurement studies. Frost holds that, over the past few decades, scholars of punishment and social control have increasingly lamented the punitive turn in criminal justice policy. Fitzgibbon contributes to an examination of the effects of the transition toward risk analysis on the work of practitioners within the criminal justice system, in particular the probation service of England and Wales. Demker et al. state that Sweden is often portrayed as a hold out from ‘penal populism', with a comparatively non-punitive population that prefers preventive and non-custodial sanctions to imprisonment.