ABSTRACT. Becker-Blease and Paul investigate whether these abnormal expenditures are due to declines in information asymmetry following addition that result in enhanced access to external financing. Aggarwal and Kyaw examine how cross-border variations in institutional factors and financial development influence the role of debt in addressing agency problems and enhancing firm value for firms with different growth opportunities. Adam and Goyal define the concept of a firm's investment opportunity set, discuss the proxy variables, and their theoretical relations among each other and with the investment opportunity set, and discuss examples of investment opportunities in the mining industry.