ABSTRACT. Pohle and Hittner claim that consumers are scrutinizing procurement and sourcing policies, are checking on trading practices product composition and lifecycle management. Diviney and Lillywhite contend that CSR is a concept whereby companies voluntarily integrate social and environmental and governance practices into their business operations. Jørgensen et al. argue that the present system of implementation of codes of conduct is insufficient/inefficient in achieving further real and sustained improvements in social and environmental standards in global supply chains.