ABSTRACT. This paper aims to explain the rise of political Islam in the last two decades in Turkey and its effects on Turkish Syrian relations. I believe, without referring to the historical and theoretical background of Political Islam, it would not be easy to understand the domestic and foreign policy practices of Turkey in recent years. In this respect, within the scope of this paper following questions will be explored in a combination: Will Turkey move away from its traditional modernity pattern? What effects will political Islam have on domestic and international politics of Turkey? What effects will Turkish-Syria tension create on regional security dynamics? pp. 226–237

Keywords: political Islam, globalization, secularity, Neo-Ottomanism, totalitarianism, JDP