ABSTRACT. The purpose of this study is to examine the interaction of political direction and bureaucratic creativity in policy development, the multiplicity of principals attempting to influence bureaucracies, modeling control of bureaucratic policy making, and the role of bureaucrats’ specialized knowledge. The main focus of this paper is the study of the persistence of substantial differences in bureaucratic systems, the bureaucratic role in policymaking, the representativeness of bureaucrats of the public, and the relationship between bureaucracies and the public. pp. 181–186

Keywords: bureaucratic policy making, democratic order, economy