ABSTRACT. Huron proposes that the emotions evoked by expectation involve five functionally distinct physiological systems: imagination, tension, prediction, reaction, and appraisal. As Bicknell puts it, caution must be exercised in drawing general inferences about the phenomenon of musical quotation from one listener’s experience of a single composition. Zbikowski claims that the kind of consciousness associated with attending to music is different from the kind of consciousness associated with attending to language. On Perlovsky’s reading, music evolved for maintaining the balance between differentiation and synthesis. Alpemon argues that hearing, listening to, and making music provide a direct and intimate entree to music for most people. pp. 347–352

Keywords: emotion, musical, listener, consciousness, experience, language