ABSTRACT. The objective of this paper is to systematically review Internet of Things-based smart city environments. The findings and analyses highlight that spatial computing and big data-driven forecasting algorithms, remote sensing data, cloud computing and virtual modeling technologies, and deep generative and digital twin modeling tools can be deployed in spatial planning processes across immersive interoperable environments. Throughout June 2024, a quantitative literature review of the Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest databases was performed, with search terms including “immersive interoperable environments” + “3D urban modeling and data mining tools,” “visual sensing and perception systems,” and “virtual reality and geospatial mapping technologies.” As research published in 2022 and 2023 was inspected, only 166 articles satisfied the eligibility criteria, and 20 mainly empirical sources were selected. Data visualization tools: Dimensions (bibliometric mapping) and VOSviewer (layout algorithms). Reporting quality assessment tool: PRISMA. Methodological quality assessment tools include: CASP, R package and Shiny app citationchaser, Eppi-Reviewer, JBI SUMARI, Litstream, SWIFT-Active Screener.

Keywords: 3D urban modeling; data mining; visual sensing and perception; virtual reality; geospatial mapping; immersive interoperable environments

How to cite: Stupu, A. D., Göktuğ Kaya, M., Vukovic, P., Manole, C., and Condeianu, O. (2024). “3D Urban Modeling and Data Mining Tools, Visual Sensing and Perception Systems, and Virtual Reality and Geospatial Mapping Technologies in Immersive Interoperable Environments,” Geopolitics, History, and International Relations 16(2): 113–127. doi: 10.22381/GHIR16220246.

Received 18 July 2024 • Received in revised form 22 December 2024
Accepted 25 December 2024 • Available online 30 December 2024